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Define who can access personal data
Regulate how privileged access is used
Protect what happens to sensitive data
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is India’s primary data protection law, defining how organizations must collect, process, and safeguard personal data. It establishes accountability, consent, and security obligations to ensure personal data is handled responsibly across India’s expanding digital economy.
As both Indian and global companies operating in India manage growing volumes of personal data, DPDP compliance has become a strategic necessity. Aligning with the DPDP Act 2023 reduces regulatory risk, strengthens governance, and demonstrates accountability to regulators and customers, enabling organizations to avoid penalties, respond confidently to audits, and build lasting trust in a data-driven environment.
The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, were notified on November 13, 2025, initiating immediate implementation of Rules 1, 2, and 17-21. These establish the Data Protection Board's structure and operations. Data fiduciaries should commence compliance planning.
Rule 4 activates one year post-notification, approximately November 2026, mandating Consent Manager registration and operations. Requirements include secure consent management and record retention for at least 7 years.
Rules 3, 5-16, 22, and 23 take effect 18 months after notification, around May 2027. This encompasses notices, security safeguards, 72-hour breach reporting, data retention/erasure policies, and obligations for the processing of children's data.
| Solution | DPDP Sections | Compliance Objective | miniOrange Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|
| MFA | Section 8(6) (Security Safeguards) | Prove identity of record accessors; meet Reasonable Security Safeguards | Multi-Factor Authentication with OTP, biometrics, push notifications |
| Adaptive Access | Section 8(6) (Security Safeguards) | Continuous risk-based verification beyond passwords | Contextual analysis (IP, location, device posture, behavior) |
| Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) | Section 8(2) (Purpose Limitation) | Control access based on user roles and responsibilities | Role-Based Access Control with granular permission management |
| User Lifecycle Management (ULM) | Section 8(5) (Erasure) | Eliminate "ghost users"; no lingering access post-exit | Automated offboarding, identity revocation, and access recertification |
| Just-In-Time (JIT) Access | Section 8(2) (Purpose Limitation) & Section 9 (SDFs) | Data Minimization for Privileged Users | Temporary elevated access with auto-expiry using Just-In-Time (JIT) Access. |
| Session Recording & Monitoring | Section 8 (Accountability) | Prove lawful purpose for sensitive data access | Full session video logs + real-time anomaly detection with Session Monitoring. |
| Usage Control (DLP) | Section 8(3) (Purpose Limitation) | Enforce Consented Purpose boundaries | Block unauthorized copy, paste, email, print, and uploads using Usage Control (DLP). |
| Breach Detection & Reporting | Section 8(6) (Breach Notification) | Precise breach notifications to the Data Protection Board | Automated alerts, data classification, and exfiltration tracking via Breach Detection & Reporting. |
| Consent Management | Section 6 (Consent) & Section 7 (Legitimate Uses) | Granular, withdrawable consent records | Self-service consent portals with audit trails. |
| Passwordless Authentication | Section 8(6) (Security Safeguards) | Eliminate password risks entirely | Secure access with FIDO2, WebAuthn, and passkeys through Passwordless Authentication. |
Meet DPDP requirements with comprehensive identity and access management.
Collect and process only the personal data necessary to fulfil a specific, lawful purpose, reducing exposure, misuse, and compliance risk.
Use personal data strictly for the purpose communicated at the time of collection, unless additional consent or legal authority is obtained.
Provide clear, accessible notices explaining what data is collected, why it is used, how long it is retained, and the rights of individuals.
Obtain free, specific, informed, and unambiguous consent before processing personal data, with simple mechanisms to withdraw consent at any time.
Ensure personal data remains accurate, complete, and up to date when it impacts individuals' rights, services, or decision-making.
Adopt reasonable technical and organizational safeguards to protect personal data from unauthorized access, breaches, loss, or misuse.
Establish an effective grievance redressal system to address data principal complaints promptly and transparently.
Notify the Data Protection Board and affected individuals of personal data breaches within prescribed timelines, providing clear details of impact and remedial actions.
Assess consent management, encryption needs, and audit readiness instantly.
The DPDP Act applies to all sectors processing personal data in India. The most impacted sectors include:
Online retailers and platforms collecting customer identity, payment, and behavioral data at scale.
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